Andorra: Information
09-10-2026
Andorra: Comprehensive Country Profile, Geography, and Key Facts
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra (Principat d’Andorra), is a sovereign microstate in Southwestern Europe, nestled between France and Spain in the eastern Pyrenees mountains. Known for its high-altitude alpine landscapes, robust ski tourism, low-tax economy, and unique political structure, Andorra is one of the smallest nations in Europe.
Key National Facts & Demographics
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Official Name | Principality of Andorra (Principat d’Andorra) |
| Capital | Andorra la Vella (the highest capital city in Europe at 1,023 m) |
| Official Language | Catalan (Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also widely spoken) |
| Government Type | Unitary parliamentary semi-elective diarchy (Co-Principality) |
| Heads of State | Co-Princes: Bishop of Urgell (Spain) and the President of France |
| Land Area | Approximately 468 square kilometers (181 square miles) |
| Population | Approximately 80,000–85,000 residents |
| Currency | Euro (€) uses the Euro by formal monetary agreement with the EU |
Geography and Climate
Location: Landlocked between the French region of Occitanie to the north and the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia to the south.
Topography: Rugged mountainous terrain characterized by narrow valleys and peaks, with Coma Pedrosa serving as the highest elevation point at 2,942 meters (9,652 feet).
Climate: Alpine and temperate continental climate featuring cold, snowy wintersideal for winter sportsand warm, dry summers suited for hiking and eco-tourism.
Economy and Tourism
Tourism Sector: The primary driver of the economy, drawing millions of visitors annually for premier ski resorts such as Grandvalira and Vallnord, as well as duty-free shopping and mountain trekking.
Fiscal Policy: Operates a competitive, low-tax framework with favorable corporate and personal income tax structures, alongside a low value-added tax (IGI at 4.5%), making it an attractive destination for commerce and international residents.
Banking and Finance: A well-developed financial and banking sector that operates under standard European and international transparency regulations.
Transportation and Connectivity
Air Travel: Andorra has no international airport within its borders; the closest access points are Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat Airport (Spain) and Toulouse-Blagnac Airport (France), supplemented by Andorra–La Seu d’Urgell Airport located 12 kilometers south in Spain.
Road Infrastructure: Fully accessible via international highways linking directly to France (via the Envalira Tunnel and Pas de la Casa) and Spain (via the Farga de Moles border crossing).